Friday, February 26, 2010

The Anatomy Of A Failed T Bill Auction

So, the auction didn't actually "fail", per se. But this excellent Seeking Alpha piece breaks down a very strange Treasury Bill auction earlier this week. Very little buying from traditional sources forced primary dealers and - perhaps - The Fed to step into the breach. Here is an excellent breakdown on what was a very weak Bills auction yesterday.

We recommend clicking the above Seeking Alpha link and reading the article in its entirety, in order to understand how a Treasury auction works and what makes for a "strong" vs. a "weak" auction. What happened on February 23rd was unquestionably "weak", though to be fair, zero percent interest rates wouldn't drive me to bid either.

Here is a partial description from his article:
Now here’s where things get odd.

Of the competitive bids (meaning those bids coming from folks who care about yield), roughly 70% went to Primary Dealers (investors who HAVE to buy the debt and who usually turn around and try to sell it afterwards). To put this number into perspective here is the percentage of competitive purchases made by Primary Dealers in the last four 4-week Treasury issuances:


Date of 4-Week Treasury Auction
Primary Dealers as % of Competitive Buys

January 5 2010
42%

January 12 2010
70%


January 20 2010
60%

January 26 2010
67%


February 2 2010
51%

February 9 2010
51%

February 17 2010
61%

February 23 2010 (yesterday)
70%


You’ll note that during the stock market correction that took place during the end of January/beginning of February, Primary Dealers didn’t need to buy many Treasuries since investors were fleeing stocks and buying short-term Treasury debt as a safe haven.

You’ll also notice that yesterday’s auction featured MORE buys from Primary Dealers than almost any of those occurring in 2010. Remember, Primary Dealers HAVE to buy Treasuries. So to see them buying a high percentage of Treasuries at debt auctions means that few investors who can pick and choose what to buy are actually looking to buy US debt.

In plain terms, a debt auction that features a high percentage of competitive buys coming from Primary Dealers is BAD NEWS. It means investors generally aren’t buying US debt. It also means that foreign governments (those who have funded US debt auctions for decades) aren’t buying much anymore either.

So the fact we’ve have three short-term auctions in which more than two thirds of competitive buys came from Primary Dealers is worrisome to see the least.

Now here’s where it gets even worse.

Of the remaining competitive buys (about $8.86 billion), only 32% came from Direct Bidders or those who bought debt directly from the Treasury: orders that can easily be tracked. The other 68% ($5.9 billion) came from Indirect Bidders: folks who we cannot track.

Even more bizarre, only $5.9 billion in Indirect Bidder competitive buys were ACTUALLY OFFERED. So we had a 100% acceptance rate for Indirect Bidder competitive buys.

Let’s put this in perspective:

Date of 4-Week Treasury Auction
Indirect Bidder Acceptance Rate

January 5 2010
71%

January 12 2010
22%

January 20 2010
77%

January 26 2010
43%

February 2 2010
63%

February 9 2010
87%

February 17 2010
82%

February 23 2010 (yesterday)
100%


This means that the Treasury took up EVERY single cent of competitive bids coming from indirect buyers. Remember, indirect buyers are usually assumed to be foreign governments (even the Treasury website admits this).

If this was the case yesterday, then foreign governments barely bought much of anything in yesterday’s auction (only 19% of total debt issued). Moreover, it implies that Primary Dealers (those having to buy) had to gorge on the auction to make up for the fact that few if any foreign governments are interested in buying our debt anymore (including even short-term debt).

Or…

One could potentially argue that this indirect buying came from the Fed covertly buying under the guise of an indirect bidder (the Treasury recently changed the definition of what qualifies for an indirect bidder to make it more vague). It IS rather odd that every single cent of competitive bidding coming from indirect buyers was filled. It’s almost as if the indirect buyers knew precisely WHAT yield to accept… OR were simply trying to take up the slack in what was already a VERY weak auction.

I cannot tell you which of the above is true. Heck, neither of them could be and something completely different could be happening. But regardless, something very, VERY strange is going on in US debt auctions.

I wrote earlier this year that bonds, not stocks, would be the big story of 2010. We’re only into February and there are already some very unusual things happening on both the long (30 year) and the short (4 week) ends of the Treasury curve. And with the Fed’s Quantitative Easing Program scheduled to end in March, things are about to get a whole lot more interesting (barring of course an extension of the QE or QE 2.0).

Keep your eye on US Treasuries. Stocks, despite being so popular with investors are usually the LAST to get what’s coming down the pike. And investors just parked $30 billion for a month with Uncle Sam at virtually NO YIELD yesterday.

Put another way, someone(s) is/are willing to not make money just for the sake of insuring return OF capital (the US can always print money to return it) rather than any return ON capital.
[HT: TD]